The New and complete American encyclopedia 1808

The inhabitants ire a mixture of the descendants of the ancient Hunns, Sclavonians, Camani, Germans, Walachians, Greeks, Jews, Turks, and a wandering people called Zigduns, said to b: of uncertain origin, but probable the fame as those we call Gypsies. The Hungarians are said to be of a sanguine choleric temper, and somewhat fierce, cruel, [...]

Johann Georg Kohl 1843

Austria, Vienna, Hungary, Bohemia and the Danube, Galicia, Styria, Moravia, Buckovina, and the military frontier Johann Georg Kohl 1843 ” It is often very difficult,” continued my informant, ” to say whether these Bacony foresters are swineherds or robbers. Their wandering and uncertain mode of life, and their superiority in strength to their more settled [...]

Kita’iescha

From: The Poles in the seventeenth century By Henryk Krasiński 1843 There are on the Carpathians, individuals, who are born, and who die without ever going down to the plains. Some engage in smuggling Hungarian wines, and at times shew themselves in great numbers in the fairs to purchase salt and gunpowder, and to vend [...]

The Poles in the seventeenth century By Henryk Krasiński 1843

They have over them chiefs, resembling the chiefs of clans, to whom they render an imperfect obedience. These chiefs sometimes wear an eagle’s plume on their hat, and round their necks a cord, decorated with pieces of gold. The ordinary costume of the Mountaineers is composed of a short tunic of grey cloth, confined at [...]